Water treatment
Trickling filters plants
Trickling filters plants are used for residential wastewaters that can’t be discharged into the public sewage system.
The treatment process is biologic and it is based on the purifying action of the bacteria flora, which grows on appropriate filling materials with high specific surface area, that fulfill the tank.
The microorganisms – which are fed by the organic substances contained in the incoming sewage – may be of anaerobic kind (i.e. they do not need free oxygen) or aerobic one (which means they need the presence of free oxygen); as a consequence there are two trickling filters treatment plants: anaerobic or aerobic.
These plants may be integrated with pre-treatments that allow to improve the total purifying efficiency, depending on wastewater features and final discharge type.
The trickling filters plants are particularly suitable to small and medium households communities, as they offer the following advantages:
- They simplify the treatment process, by consequently reducing the number of parts, thus the necessary investment.
- They allow to achieve an outstanding purification level, keeping treated water features very stable.
- They allow the production of a small quantity of excess sludge, which is biologically stable.
- They are very easy to manage and maintain.
- No electric consumption.
Activated sludge plants
Activated sludge (or “total oxidation”) treatment plants are used for residential wastewater which can’t be discharged into a public drainage system.
The purification process is biological and it’s based on the action of aerobic bacteria, which are fed by the organic substances contained in the incoming sewage.
Activated sludge plants are divided into an oxidation area, where required air is diffused in order to allow the bacteria survival, and a sedimentation area, where the biggest sludge aggregates are separated from outgoing out water.
These plants may be integrated with pre- and post- treatments that allow to improve the total purification efficiency, depending on wastewater features and final discharge type.
Activated sludge plants are particularly suitable to small and medium households communities, as they offer the following advantages:
- They simplify the treatment process, by consequently reducing the number of parts, thus the necessary investment
- They allow to achieve an outstanding purification level, keeping treated water features very stable
- They allow the production of a small quantity of excess sludge, which is biologically stable.
- They are very easy to manage and maintain.
- They limit the electric consumption.
Sub-irrigation and phytoremediation systems with absorbent trays
The sub-irrigation and phytoremediation systems with absorbent trays are used for civil wastewater which are not discharged into a public sewerage system or into surface water streams.
Incoming wastewater are distributed inside absorbent trays, each one containing an adequate number of plants.
The purification process takes advantage of soil evaporation and transpiration, both direct and by means of the plants, and of wastewater organic elements absorption performed by the roots of the plants.
The only liquid outgoing the system is rainwater occurring during rainfalls, which is considered sufficiently diluted and so it may be conducted away through an overflow piping system or back to the inlet point through a specific recirculation pumping station, thus ensuring the complete absence of discharge.
These systems may be integrated with pre-treatments allowing to improve the general purification efficiency, depending on incoming wastewater features.
The sub-irrigation and phytoremediation systems are particularly suitable to small and medium households communities, as they allow the following advantages:
- They simplify the treatment process.
- They allow to achieve an outstanding purification level and the removal of the effluent discharge problem.
- They are very easy to manage and maintain.
- No electric consumption.
- Possibility of system extension in the future with small costs charge and very simple operations.
